This module is divided into the following sections:

Outcomes

Author of this module

5.0 Introduction

5.1.1 Listening and second language acquisition
5.1.2 What do we mean by comprehension?
5.1.3 Definitions of aural comprehension
5.1.4 Levels of comprehension

5.1.4.1 Bottom up and top down processes
5.1.4.2 Exploring challenges to comprehension

5.1.5 Schema theory

5.1.5.1 Formal and content schemas
5.1.5.2 Exploring the role of schematic knowledge

5.1.6 The challenges for L2 listeners

5.1.6.1 The strategies of effective and ineffective listeners
5.1.6.2 Less proficient listeners at advanced level

5.2 Features of aural input

5.2.1 Reciprocal and non-reciprocal listening

5.2.1.1 Ideas for reciprocal listening tasks

5.2.2 Judging ease and difficulty of aural input

5.2.2.1 Density and complexity of content
5.2.2.2 Speed of delivery
5.2.2.3 Familiarity with the topic
5.2.2.4 Predictability of content and structure

5.2.3 Using video

5.2.3.1 Key techniques for using video recordings
5.2.3.2 Using subtitles

5.2.4 Authentic or scripted materials?

5.3 Developing listening activities

5.3.1 Tasks for top-down processes
5.3.2 Tasks for bottom-up processes
5.3.3 A cycle of listening activities to support comprehension

5.4 Choosing technologies for supporting audio and video work

5.4.1 Analogue technologies

5.4.1.1 Classroom use
5.4.1.2 Learner-controlled listening

5.4.2 Digital technologies

5.5 Commentary on reflective tasks

5.6 Appendices

5.7 References

5.8 Recommended further reading

5.9 Assessment task

Printable versions of the entire module are available in the following formats:

• Word 97 version (click here)
• RTF version (click here)

This module contains video and audio clips.You may have difficulty accessing these clips with some older versions of Windows MediaPlayer. You can download a free version of RealPlayer from the following website: http://www.real.com.