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SeCtion tWo Change approaches & management tools
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS Description
This diagnostic approach is designed to assess the likelihood of organisational change occurring within a given context. The forces in the title refer to the perceptions of staff about a specific factor and its influence;
• Driving forces are those which seek to move change in a particular direction
• Restraining forces act to reduce driving forces
Equilibrium refers to the point at which the sum of driving forces is equal to the sum of restraining forces.
Force Field Model
Driving forces
Competition
New technology Incentives Managerial pressure New people
Resisting forces
Personal factors
Organisational factors
Change-specific factors [content & process]
Current state (equilibrium) Desired state
The diagram incorporates three types of ‘resistance factors’ (Self and Schraeder, 2008):
• Personal factors: aversion to change; impact of change on personal life; external concerns
• Organisational factors: history of change interventions; credibility of change agent(s)
• Change-specific factors: planned change perceived as erroneous; flawed planning; concern over interpersonal impact of proposed change
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